The Ethics of Non-Reciprocal Banquets in Luke 14:12–14: A Socio-Rhetorical Exegesis on Favoring the Poor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33856/kerusso.v11i1.613Keywords:
hospitality; Luke 14:12–14; patron-client reciprocity; the poor; Christian ethics; Lukan theologyAbstract
In exegetical discourse, Luke 14:12–14 is often understood through a moralistic-charitable lens, specifically as an individual ethical exhortation to do good to the poor. This approach tends to overlook the socio-structural dimensions of the text, particularly its critique of the reciprocity practices inherent in the patron-client system of the first-century Mediterranean world. Addressing this gap, this study aims to reinterpret Luke 14:12–14 as a theological critique of the logic of relationships based on honor and reciprocity. This research employs a socio-rhetorical exegetical approach, emphasizing the analysis of socio-cultural and ideological textures. An analysis of the structure of Jesus' commands and the context of the banquet reveals that the prohibition against inviting those capable of repayment, alongside the command to invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, and the blind, constitutes a subversion of the patron-client reciprocity system. Jesus asserts that the reward does not originate from social relationships, but rather from God at the resurrection of the righteous. The findings of this study indicate that Luke 14:12–14 constructs a concept of non-reciprocal hospitality that transcends mere charitable acts, functioning as a concrete expression of the values of the Kingdom of God. Thus, the text speaks not only on the level of personal ethics but also embodies a critique of exclusive social structures. In practical terms, this research provides a theological foundation for Christian communities to cultivate hospitality practices that are inclusive, egalitarian, and transformative.
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