The Influence of Religiosity, Attachment to God and Education Level on Mental Health of Youth in Gereja Kristen Jawi Wetan (GKJW) Rungkut Surabaya in Indonesia
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the mental health conditions influences by religiosity, education level and attachment to God on the mental health of youth in GKJW Rungkut, Surabaya. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered to youth in GKJW Rungkut, Surabaya, aged between 16 and 35 years. The sample comprised 120 respondents. The questionnaire used a Likert scale (1-5), and statistical analysis was conducted using Warp-PLS. The results indicate that the levels of religiosity and mental health among the youth in GKJW Rungkut, Surabaya, are significant. However, aspects such as anxiety and low self-esteem are still at a moderate level. This suggests that a significant level of religiosity alone has not been able to fully address anxiety and low self-esteem. Statistical testing revealed that religiosity, education level, and attachment to God have a simultaneous influence on the mental health of the youth in GKJW Rungkut. The research model demonstrated adequate predictive relevance (Q² > 0), indicating that it can be used for further research.
Downloads
References
Alves, R. R. da N., Alves, H. da N., Barboza, R. R. D., & Souto, W. de M. S. (2010). The influence of religiosity on health. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 15(4), 2105–2111. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232010000400024
Borges, C. C., dos Santos, P. R., Alves, P. M., Borges, R. C. M., Lucchetti, G., Barbosa, M. A., Porto, C. C., & Fernandes, M. R. (2021). Association between spirituality/religiousness and quality of life among healthy adults: a systematic review. In Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (Vol. 19, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01878-7
Carpenter, T. P., Laney, T., & Mezulis, A. (2012). Religious coping, stress, and depressive symptoms among adolescents: A prospective study. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023155
Cohen, A. B., & Koenig, H. G. (n.d.). Religion and Mental Health.
de Azevedo Barros, M. B., Lima, M. G., Malta, D. C., Szwarcwald, C. L., de Azevedo, R. C. S., Romero, D., de Souza Júnior, P. R. B., Azevedo, L. O., Machado, Í. E., Damacena, G. N.,
Gomes, C. S., de Oliveira Werneck, A., da Silva, D. R. P., de Fátima de Pina, M., & Gracie, R. (2020). Report on sadness/depression, nervousness/anxiety and sleep problems in the Brazilian adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiologia e Servicos de Saude, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-49742020000400018
Dunbar, R. I. M. (2021). Religiosity and religious attendance as factors in wellbeing and social engagement. Religion, Brain and Behavior, 11(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/2153599X.2020.1712618
Ellison, C. G., Boardman, J. D., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2001). Religious Involvement, Stress, and Mental Health / 215 Social Forces (Vol. 80, Issue 1).
Ellison, C. G., Bradshaw, M., Flannelly, K. J., & Galek, K. C. (2014). Prayer, attachment to god, and symptoms of anxiety-related Disorders among U.S. Adults. Sociology of Religion: A Quarterly Review, 75(2), 208–233. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srt079
Huber, S., & Huber, O. W. (2012). The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS). Religions, 3(3), 710–724. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel3030710
Jambrek, L., Jambrek Biblijski institut, S., & Jambrek Bogoslovni institut, L. (n.d.). The Role of the Bible in Daily Life Summary.
Khlomov, K. D., Bochaver, A. A., & Korneev, A. A. (2020). Coping strategies of adolescents and educational environment. Social Psychology and Society, 11(2), 180–199. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110211
Lam, L. W. (2012). Impact of competitiveness on salespeople’s commitment and performance. Journal of Business Research, 65(9), 1328–1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.026
Li, Z., Li, J., Li, Y., Tian, F., Huang, J., Wang, Z., & Wang, M. (2022). Anxiety and depression in the post-pandemic era: concerns about viral mutation and re-outbreak. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04307-1
Lim, C., & Putnam, R. D. (2010). Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 914–933. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122410386686
M Keyes, C. L. (n.d.). Social Well-Being in the United States: A Descriptive Epidemiology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259344810
Michalos, A. C. (2017). Development of quality of life theory and its instruments: The selected works of Alex. C. Michalos. In Development of Quality of Life Theory and Its Instruments: The Selected Works of Alex. C. Michalos. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51149-8
Mikulince, M. (1998). Adult Attachment Style and Individual Differences in Functional Versus Dysfunctional Experiences of Anger. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.2.513
Mikulincer, M., & Nachshon, O. (1991). Attachment Styles and Patterns of Self-Disclosure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.321
Nezlek, J. B. (2021). Relationships Between Religiosity and Naturally Occurring Social Interaction. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3454–3466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01079-4
Nur Choirina, V., Ayriza, Y., & Survei KedaiKOPI, L. (2021). Religiosity and Life Satisfaction in Indonesia: Evidence from a Community Survey Yoga Setyo Wibowo. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 10(1).
Ornell, F., Borelli, W. V., Benzano, D., Schuch, J. B., Ferreira Moura, H., Sordi, A. O., Henrique, F., Kessler, P., Scherer, J. N., & Von Diemen, L. (2021). The next pandemic: impact of COVID-19 in mental healthcare assistance in a nationwide epidemiological study. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2021.10
Pargament, K. I., Ensing, D. S., Falgout, K., Olsen, H., Reilly, B., Van Haitsma, K., & Warren, R. (1990). God help me: (I): Religious coping efforts as predictors of the outcomes to significant negative life events. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18(6), 793–824. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00938065
Roystonn, K., Cetty, L., Jeyagurunathan, A., Devi, F., Abdin, E., Tan, S. T., Tang, C., Verma, S., & Subramaniam, M. (2021). Quality of life and its associations with religiosity and religious coping among outpatients with psychosis in singapore. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137200
Skalski-Bednarz, S. B., Konaszewski, K., Toussaint, L. L., Büssing, A., & Surzykiewicz, J. (2022). Positive religious coping acts through perception of nature and silence in its association with well-being and life satisfaction among Polish Catholics. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020007
Stolz, H. E., Olsen, J. A., Henke, T. M., & Barber, B. K. (2013). Adolescent Religiosity and Psychosocial Functioning: Investigating the Roles of Religious Tradition, National-Ethnic Group, and Gender. Child Development Research, 2013, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/814059