The Repeated Word Yarad In the Book of Jonah: Points, Pattern, And Purpose
Keywords:
repetition, yarad, book of jonah, stylistic analysis
Abstract
The Book of Jonah contains the word 'yarad' four times, which constitutes one of the recurring motifs in the text. Its usage is often interpreted as indicative of multidimensional degradation and is even associated with foreshadowing Christ's redemptive work. However, a critical question arises: What was the author of the Book of Jonah attempting to underscore through the repeated inclusion of the word 'yarad'? This study aims to delve into the occurrences of 'yarad' in the Book of Jonah through stylistic analysis to discern patterns, thereby elucidating the author's intent in employing these repetitions throughout the narrative. The methodology employed is stylistic analysis, with particular attention paid to the repetitive element. Consequently, discernible patterns emerge in 1:3b, 1:3c, 1:5b, and 2:6a, which exhibit a tendency towards diminishment yet encompass contrasts and pivotal moments. Consequently, it becomes evident that the author of the Book of Jonah strategically employs the word 'yarad' four times to accentuate contrasts, degradation, and pivotal shifts.
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References
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Walker, A. (2015). Jonah’s Genocidal and Suicidal Attitude — and God’s Rebuke. KAIROS: Evangelical Journal of Theology, 9(1), 7–29.
Waltke, B. K. (2004). An Introduction To Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Eisenbrauns.
Baxter, J. S. (2010). Menggali Isi Alkitab 2, Ayub – Maleakhi. Yayasan Bina Kasih.
Brown, F., Driver, S. R., & Briggs, C. (2011). A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Snowball Publishing.
Cary, P. (2008). Jonah. Brazos Press.
Chesnutt, C. (2012). God Changed His Mind: Re-Imagining the Jonah Narrative. Leaven, 20(4), 206–211.
Christensen, D. L. (1985). The Song of Jonah: A Metrical Analysis. Journal of Biblical Literature, 104, 217–231.
Cook, S. D. (2019). “Who knows?” Reading the Book of Jonah as a Satirical Challenge to Theodicy of the Exile. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20685
D. Pettengill, M. (2017). The Book of Jonah: Revealing the Attributes of God. In Reformed Theological Seminary (Vol. 2, Issue 1). Reformed Theological Seminary.
Feig, N. (2021). Tel Gat H̱efer. Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel, 133, 1–15.
Gesenius, W., Kautzsch, E., & Cowley, A. E. (2006). Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar. Courier Corporation.
Gibson, D. J. (2011). The Ships of Tarshish (D. Gibson (ed.)). Independent Scholar’s Press.
Hendel, R. (2019). Myth and Mimesis in the Psalm of Jonah. In I. Pardes & O. Münz-Manor (Eds.), Psalms In/On Jerusalem (pp. 1–10). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110460803-001
Igbo, P. (2021). CONFLICT BETWEEN JUSTICE AND MERCY: A STUDY OF THE BIBLICAL BOOK OF JONAH. SIST: Journal of Religion and Humanities, 1(1), 17–26.
Jenson, P. P. (2008). Obadiah, Jonah, Micah : A Theological Commentary. T & T Clark International.
Joüon, P., & Muraoka, T. (2006). A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. Editrice Pontificio Intituto Biblico.
Kelsey, M. (2020). The book of Jonah and the theme of exile. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, 45(1), 128–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309089219864607
Kemertelidze, N., & Manjavidze, T. (2013). STYLISTIC REPETITION, ITS PECULIARITIES AND TYPES IN MODERN ENGLISH. European Scientific Journal, Special Edition, 1–8.
Kim, H. C. P. (2007). Jonah Read Intertextually. Journal of Biblical Literature, 126(3), 497–528. https://doi.org/10.2307/27638450
Kozlova, E. (2021). Jonah 2: A Death Liturgy for the Doomed Prophet. The Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, 20, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5508/jhs29564
Magonet, J. (1983). Form and Meaning: Studies in Literary Techniques in the Book of Jonah. Almond Press.
Neal, D. A. (2011). WHAT ARE THEY SAYING ABOUT THE JONAH PSALM? AN ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT TRENDS IN ITS INTERPRETATION. Providence College.
Noegel, S. B. (2015). Jonah and Leviathan: Inner-biblical allusions and the problem with dragons. Henoch, 37(2), 236–260.
Oancea, C. (2018). Imagery and religious conversion. The symbolic function of Jonah 1:13. Religions, 9(73), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9030073
Osborne, G. (2018). Spiral Hermeneutika: Pengantar Komprehensif bagi Penafsiran Alkitab. Momentum.
Perry, T. A. (2014). The Honeymoon is Over : Jonah’s Argument with God. Hendrickson Publisher.
Peters, K. (2018). Jonah 1 and the Battle with the Sea: Myth and Irony. Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament, 32(2), 157–165.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09018328.2018.1470843
Prabowo, P. D. (2022). Kaidah Penafsiran Puisi Perjanjian Lama. HUPERETES: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen, 3(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.46817/huperetes.v3i1.73
Răchită, C. (2017). Why Does Jonah Snore in the LXX Translation (Jonah 1:5-6)? From the Theological Sobriety of the Patristic Exegesis to the Facetiousness of a Hellenizing Translation. Vulgata in Dialogue, 1, 71–82.
Rees, A. (2016). Getting Up and Going Down: Towards a Spatial Poetics of Jonah. Bible and Critical Theory, 12(1), 40–48.
Robson, J. E. (2013). Undercurrents in Jonah. Tyndale Bulletine Bulletin, 64(2), 189–215.
Saputro, A. D. (2022). Analisa Analisa Majas Ironi Dalam Narasi Panggilan Yunus 1:1-17 Sebagai Konstruksi Teologi Yunus 1. Predica Verbum: Jurnal Teologi Dan Misi, 2(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.51591/predicaverbum.v2i1.34
Schart, A. (n.d.). Perspectives on the Formation of the Book of the Twelve. In R. Albertz, J. D. Nogalski, & J. Wöhrle (Eds.), Methodological Foundations - Redactional Processes - Historical Insights (pp. 109–128). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/9783110283761.109
Scott, D. R. (2014). The Book of Jonah: Foreshadowings of Jesus as the Christ. BYU Studies Quarterly, 53(3), 161–180.
Stutz, A. (2020). The Theological Message of the Book of Jonah.
Tiemeyer, L. (2022). Jonah in 20th Century Literature. Religions, 13(661), 1–13.
Trible, P. (1963). Studies in the Book of Jonah. Columbia University.
Vaillancourt, I. J. (2015). THE PIOUS PRAYER OF AN IMPERFECT PROPHET: THE PSALM OF JONAH IN ITS NARRATIVE CONTEXT. Journal for the Evangelical Study of the Old Testament, 4(2), 171–189.
Wachsmann, S., Burke, A. A., Dunn, R. K., & Avnaim-Katav, S. (2022). ‘He Went Down to Joppa and Found a Ship Going to Tarshish’ (Jonah 1:3): Landscape Reconstruction at Jaffa and a Potential Early Harbour. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, 51(2), 267–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/10572414.2022.2148819
Walker, A. (2015). Jonah’s Genocidal and Suicidal Attitude — and God’s Rebuke. KAIROS: Evangelical Journal of Theology, 9(1), 7–29.
Waltke, B. K. (2004). An Introduction To Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Eisenbrauns.
Published
2024-04-22
How to Cite
Prabowo, P. (2024) “The Repeated Word Yarad In the Book of Jonah: Points, Pattern, And Purpose”, Theological Journal Kerugma, 7(1), pp. 1-11. doi: 10.33856/kerugma.v7i1.372.
Section
Articles
