The Role of Parents in Christian Religious Education in the Family towards Shaping the Character of Generation Z Children in Facing the industry 5.0 Era

A strong generation in facing every development of the times is a generation that has strong and good character. Technological sophistication that presents new innovations through digital technology also makes the transition of human life enter the digitization era. Electronic devices have become the most preferred communication tool because they are equipped with various interesting features and can be used effectively, efficiently and interactively. The Z generation, known as the technology generation, has been familiar with the features in digital technology. This generation is vulnerable to negative impacts of digital technology development if its use is wrong. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a literature approach to answer the role of parents in Christian religious education in the family towards shaping the character of children. Religious education in the family is the foundation for shaping the character of every generation. Misuse of technology devices in this era has resulted in the decline of human morality. Therefore, it is very important to have guidance, mentoring


INTRODUCTION
Humans are creatures created by God who have a nature that is similar to and resembles God.Therefore, humans have capacity and quality beyond other creations.The intended quality and capacity are their intellectual ability, purity of character, power over the earth, spiritual nature, and creativity.This is what sets humans apart from other creations and gives them the ability to create and develop technology.
Children are the next generation of the nation.Therefore, children must receive good education and have good character as early as possible.Each generation has its own way of life and its own character.To become a tough generation in facing every development of the times, it is necessary to have children who have strong and good character.There are many ways to shape the character of children of the nation's generation, such as family, community environment, school environment, etc.The most fundamental character formation is the family.The family is the foundation of good, tough, and smart character formation.
Technological advancements that bring new innovations through digital technology developments also mark the transition of human life into the digital era.This era is characterized by a lifestyle that cannot be separated from electronic devices.Electronic devices (gadgets/smartphones, computers, etc.) have become the most preferred communication and work tools because they are equipped with various attractive features and can be used effectively, efficiently, and interactively.
Long before the pandemic, various schools in different countries had been using digital devices to carry out the teaching and learning process.The advancement of digital technology greatly facilitates accessing learning resources for students as well as educators to obtain information in improving human resources.The development of digital technology can have a positive impact on all aspects of life.However, the digital era can also have negative impacts if it is not used wisely.The negative impacts that occur are from the moral aspect of human beings.Unwise use can result in damage and moral decline that affects the development of the character of the nation's children.
Generation Z is a generation of digital technology, this generation has started to know the internet and the web since they were young.From an early age, Generation Z has been introduced to the world of social media.
Tapscott states that Generation Z is a group born between 1998-2009, this generation is known as the silent generation, the quiet generation, and the internet generation (Don Taspcott, 2008).This generation, known as the technology or internet generation, has become familiar with the features available in digital technology.This generation is vulnerable to the negative impacts of digital technology development if its usage is not appropriate.
Since childhood, this generation has been introduced to digital technology and is familiar with sophisticated gadgets that can directly affect the personality and character of children.Some facts have been found in the field regarding negative impacts due to the misuse of digital technology.
One, there are students in school who engage in bullying triggered by the desensitizing effect of online games containing violent content.Two, there are cases of teenage rape resulting from imitation behavior after watching pornographic films.Student absences from school to watch pornographic films.Three, there are students who are busy using their phones in class while learning is taking place.(Journal of Character Education) Further characteristics of Generation Z are not shaped in terms of sexuality and relationships.Kristen Stewart states that Generation Z is not too concerned with someone's sexual tendencies, whether they are heterosexual or gay, as it is not important to them.Research in the UK shows that almost half of young people In a broad sense, education can be defined as a process with certain methods, so that people acquire knowledge, understanding, and appropriate behavior.In a broader sense, education is all the stages of human development of abilities and behaviors, as well as the process of using almost all life experiences (Muhibbinsyah, 2010).Education is also a process of shaping a person as a whole, including their cognitive, emotional, and complete character development of students (S.Sagala, 2013).The formation of human beings must include their character.
Education is the most important aspect that needs to be realized in the world of education, not just transmitting cognitive knowledge.
"Character education is referred to as a conscious and continuous effort to shape a child's character to understand cognitive values, love those values, and act based on those values.Character education is an endeavor carried out through the guidance of children.

Christian Religious Education
Christian Religious Education starts with God, or Christian religious education is God's own initiative to be carried out by believers.It is important to have an understanding of God's character and be able to express it in everyday life.Religious education is part of the responsibilities of the family, the church, and generally speaking, Christian Religious Education is the responsibility of all believers.In the church, it is often carried out through catechesis (conversation, completeness), Christian Education, God Education, and so on.The implementation of Christian Religious Education by the church is an expression of obedience to God's command to His people.
Christian Religious Education is a great mandate from God to all of His people and must be carried out with obedience.Because Christian Religious Education is a form of education, it is an effort to build a whole person, including building divine character within believers.
From the word "ducare," it can be understood as leading out, so education has three time dimensions: the past, present, and future.Paulo Freire, an expert in education who is famous for his view of liberating education, said that "education must not allow people to become complacent with the forms of what already exists, but lead them to build a better world (J.Posumah Santosa, 1993).Christian Religious Education is an education that should be carried out by believers, especially within the family.

The Family
The family is the first institution established by God.It is the smallest institution within the scope of society, which has the responsibility of building the personalities of its members.In Greek, the word for 'family' is translated as 'Oikos', which is often translated as 'family, home, and household'.Oikos is equivalent to the Hebrew word 'bayit', which is translated as 'family' or 'descendants' (1 Tim. 5:4,8;Tit. 1:11,cf. Luke 1:27,69).
Meanwhile, the word 'patria' is equivalent to the Hebrew word 'misyphaka', which means 'descendants' or 'ancestors' in the sense of a tribe or all nations on earth (Acts 3:25).In the New Testament, the word 'genos' is used, which means 'family'.This word refers more to the descendants of one ancestor or denotes one family or tribe.Thus, the family is a fellowship formed by a husband and a wife with their children, who live in one house (Marulak Pasaribu, 2005).
According to the Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), the family is the smallest group within society.The family institution has a main function of fulfilling psychological, emotional, social, economic, and educational needs.In fact, education begins in the family because no one is born outside of a family.The function of the family is to provide sufficient love and attention, ensuring happiness and a harmonious family.Children's characters are formed early on, and the family plays a significant role in shaping the character of future generations.
According to Sofia and Wahyu, family life is the first place where children learn about emotions, including how to recognize, feel, respond to situations that evoke emotions, and express them.Education in the family is the first step in character formation.Religious education in the family is one aspect of shaping the character of children.
Religious education in the family is the foundation of character formation, especially in this digital technology era.Without the right foundation, humans may misuse technological advancements.People will lead a moral life without a proper purpose and meaning.Misuse of technological devices can lead to further deterioration of human morals.Therefore, family guidance in the form of education, guidance, and supervision is essential.The shift in human morals is a reality of the downfall of humanity into real sin in the generation of nations.
Character formation is a crucial and fundamental aspect that cannot be separated from an individual's personality.The term "character" is often referred to as "nature", "disposition" or "morals".Etymologically, the word "character" has various meanings such as "kharacter" (Latin) meaning instrument of marking, "charessein" (French) meaning to engrave, and in Greek, "charassein" means to depict and describe.According to the Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), Character refers to the nature, mental qualities, morals or virtues that differentiate one person from another.
Thus, building character (character building) is a process of engraving or carving the soul in such a way that it forms a unique, interesting, and distinguishable shape or form from others.Character is closely related to a person's qualities, so character is not only good but also bad.Character is formed not only by the individual, but also by the behavior and attitudes of the people around them.Therefore, the environment also influences a person's character.
Character formation is already an important part of the education world, as stated in the Indonesian National Education System Law No. 20 of 2003, which states that the national education goal is to develop the ability and form the character and dignity of the nation in order to enlighten the life of the nation.Thus, character education should already be received/obtained by children from an early age, namely within the family.The Christian family needs to instill Christ-like character values.

Christ's Character Values
Character is beneficial in all aspects of life because it makes people become people of integrity, influential, and effective witnesses of Christ.Christ's character is a parameter in the Christian faith, as believers must continually grow in Christ.That is why when studying character, it should begin with God because only God has perfect character.The perfection of God/Christ is the totality of the attributes or character of God as written in the Bible.Christ is the perfect example of the life of a Christian.Believers must inherit Christ's character, therefore it needs to be thoroughly understood and instilled from an early age in the families of believers so that it is deeply rooted and grows strongly in the grace of God.

Loving
As written in the book of John, "We love because God first loved us."Love is a characteristic of Christ.
Paul wrote in his first letter to the Corinthians about the importance of love that every child of God should possess.And love is the greatest and the first.
1 Corinthians 13 emphasizes the importance of love for believers because everything becomes meaningless without it.Even if I could speak all the languages of humans and angels, but I do not have love, I would be like a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal.Even if I had the gift of prophecy and knew all the mysteries and possessed all knowledge, and even if I had faith that could move mountains, but I do not have love, I would be nothing.Even if I gave everything I have to the poor and even sacrificed my body, I could gain nothing without love.
Furthermore, in verse 7, the characteristics of love are described as follows: Love is patient, love is kind, love does not envy, love does not boast, love is not proud, love does not behave inappropriately, love does not seek its own interests, love is not easily angered, love does not keep a record of wrongs, love does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices in the truth.Love covers everything, believes everything, hopes everything, endures everything patiently.

Obedience and Humility.
In Philippians 2:1, the values of the character that the Lord Jesus showed through His own person are clearly written, namely obedience and humility.Paul provides a portrayal of Christ's obedience in the work of the crucifixion to submit to His Father's will.In His human condition, He humbled Himself and obediently went as far as to die on the cross.His obedience was the totality of His life.Obedience and humility are the main keys that must be possessed by believers, for Christ has become an example and given an example to believers.

Generation Z.
The era of the fourth industrial revolution is characterized by the rapid and advanced technological developments.In the midst of such technological progress, a new generation of technology emerged known as Generation Z. Gen Z is a generation that uses technology for various activities such as online shopping, online motorcycle taxis, games, and other social media.Thus, Gen Z has the principle of "no gadget no life", where gadgets for Gen Z have become basic needs that are difficult to leave behind.
In Indonesia, Gen Z is the most active in using social media.According to Maharani, as many as 171.17 million Indonesian people use the internet, and the majority of them are Gen Z.In the Digital Around the World 2019 report, it was found that out of 268.2 million Indonesian residents, 150 million of them already use social media.Research companies also commented that the time given to everyone to use social media has increased by 143 minutes or more (Pujiono, 2021a).
The characteristics of Gen Z are that all life activities are already using social media.Suganda said that Gen Z is a generation that likes to socialize, move around, think globally, communicate digitally, and likes things that are visual.They prefer to absorb information through social media.Gen Z is a generation born and raised in the era of digitization, where there are many advanced technologies.Generation Z has excellent abilities in accessing information through social media, so Gen Z has many opportunities to develop their skills.
The advantages of Generation Z are as follows: first, they have a very high curiosity, when faced with advanced technology, they do not need to be taught painstakingly because they have mastered and can find every need.Second, Generation Z is a multitasking generation, they are accustomed to various activities at the same time.However, the disadvantages of Generation Z are as follows: first, they are impatient, so in solving problems, they tend to prefer instant ways.Second, some of Generation Z are less skilled in verbal communication, so most of them do not care about their surroundings (Pujiono, 2021b).
Thus, Generation Z is different from previous generations.Technological developments make this generation different in shaping their mindset.Therefore, Gen Z needs appropriate education to shape their character in facing the development of technology in the era of Industry 5.0.
The Era of Industry 5.0 is a continuation of the 4.0 era.Therefore, in order to understand the 5.0 era, it is mandatory to comprehend the previous era, which is the Fourth Industrial Revolution.The Fourth Industrial Revolution is understood as the "cyber-physical systems era" or what is called intelligent automation.The world has entered the era of Industry 5.0, a term first coined by the Japanese government in 2016.The community in the 5.0 era is an information society with the goal of developing a more prosperous community.This era unites physical and virtual spaces.In the future, there will be high-quality data, creating new value and solutions to address challenges for all generations.Technology in the 5.0 era is an entity that is integrated into people's lives.Nyoman et al. stated that in this era, the internet has become an essential and inseparable part of the 4.0 community's life.The generation has enjoyed various internet network infrastructures and benefits resulting from the use of the internet in daily life (Nyoman et al., 2020).
Suryaningrum explains the process of utilizing the internet in various aspects of modern society.Society in the 4.0 era is characterized by the convergence of various sophisticated technologies that utilize the internet, which are then stored in Big Data and processed by Artificial Intelligence (AI).Subsequently, people will access cloud services (databases) in the virtual world through the internet, to search, retrieve, and analyze data or information.Thus, data collection is done through networks, and humans will analyze the data (Suryaningrum, n.d.).Rizkinaswara stated that in society 4.0, there are at least five types of technology that are its main features, namely: Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Computing, and Additive Manufacturing (3D printing).In era 5.0, a form of society centered on humans and based on technology (where humans are at the center) is created.Analysis is no longer done by humans but by AI.The results of the analysis carried out by AI are then fed back to humans in the physical space in various forms.Humans, objects, and systems are interconnected in the virtual world, and the maximum results obtained by AI are fed back to the physical space.
In the context of religious education in the family, a proper understanding is needed to gui (Lasmaria Lumban Tobing, 2018) de or build generation Z in industry 5.0 era.The use of technology in this era can have positive and negative impacts on all groups, including Christian religious education.To avoid the negative impacts of technology on Christian religious education, the role and function of the family in providing guidance for Christian religious education within the family is needed, while the use of technology that has positive impacts can be utilized in the process of religious education in the family so that a divine personality and character is formed in every family.Christian parents who play a role in religious education must be professional according to the demands of the times.If not, they will not be able to respond to the challenges of society 5.0.

The Role of Parents in Christian Religious Education within the Family
Instilling Christ's values is the primary and essential aspect in a Christian family, and it should be given special attention.This is so that Christian families have Christ-like character values.The role of parents in the family in instilling Christ-like values is an urgent matter, considering that parents are the primary and most important educators in the family entrusted by God.Here are the important roles of parents in the family in shaping divine character: Teaching, Educating, and Guiding Children towards God.
The family is the first and primary institution that provides educational guidance to children.Learning within the family will result in the acquisition and improvement of children's cognitive skills and produce good and righteous character.Through the family, children get to know their environment and the world around them.
As an institution entrusted by God, the family has the task of educating, guiding, and leading children towards God's goal of growing in knowledge of Christ, thus having a strong foundation of faith and possessing the character desired by God.
Christian Religious Education (CRE) is a service in the field of education that provides the foundation for teaching faith and the formation of Christian families to members of the family.Werner states that the understanding of Christian Religious Education is a process of teaching and learning based on the Bible, centered on Christ, and dependent on the Holy Spirit, which guides each individual at all levels of growth, through present teaching towards the recognition and experience of God's plan and will (Lasmaria Lumban Tobing, 2018).According to Harmadi & Jatmiko, Christian Religious Education aims to bring about a change in attitude and behavior in children as learners who demonstrate a life that imitates Christ (Harmadi et al., 2020).
Christian Religious Education is a service that provides Bible-based teachings to every member of the family, with the aim of enabling all family members to grow in faith and have Christ-like character.Religious education is one way to protect children from negative influences.The Israelites or Jews were well aware of this, so from an early age, Jewish parents prepared their children to participate in religious education.For the Jewish people, teaching religious education to children is the main responsibility of parents and has become a primary obligation for every parent.After Israel became a nation, the family became the basis of culture and the primary and first place of education for children.The family education pattern in the Bible, particularly in the Old Testament, is written in Deuteronomy 6:4-9.This command was given to the people of Israel, and it was mandatory for Jewish families to follow this command.This obligation requires every family to serve the Lord who has freed them from slavery in Egypt.
Heath said that the Old Testament provides a proper basis for education, and as long as the Israelites follow the education pattern commanded by God, they will succeed and prosper.This means that the Israelites succeeded in producing generations (mighty heroes) who have a disciplined life, which allowed them to expand their homeland.
The Christian family is the primary and first place of education in shaping a child's character.The family is a gift from God that has a very high value, because the presence of the Christian family has a role that is more important than the church and school in educating children.Therefore, Christian families should not entrust their

Parents are the first teachers for their family
Parents are entrusted by God to build and guide the spirituality of their children so that they can grow in faith.In Deuteronomy 6:1-4, the duties and roles of parents in educating their children in faith are written: to introduce the one God who has granted salvation, to live in fear of God and obey His commands, and to love God with all their heart, soul, and strength.Parents are responsible for this.In Deuteronomy 6:4-9, a theological picture is given of effective family learning carried out by parents so that children may live in fear of God and have the character of Christ.Parents have a significant role in this.Parents have a role in nurturing character development and their child's faith in Jesus Christ.That is why parents cannot fully delegate this education to the church through Sunday school or formal school.Considering that children's daily lives are spent mostly with their families.Education in the family is very different from education in school.Lessons in the family are not delivered formally like in a classroom, but conveyed through the understanding of truth values through family prayer, parents' advice to their children.And this is done by building relationships between parents and children, or relationships between family members.In family education, parents provide guidance to their children by implementing faith values to make them live in fellowship with Christ, appreciate God's love, and show love to others.The task of parents in the family as the smallest institution given by God is to educate, guide, and lead their children according to the will of God.
Packer, Tenney, and White stated that a father in the context of the nation of Israel is responsible for the education of his children, while the mother also has a crucial role, especially until the child reaches the age of 5 years.During that time, a mother plays a significant role in shaping the future of her children.When a boy is old enough to work, then the father becomes his main teacher, and the mother still takes part in teaching her children.The mother's responsibility is more towards daughters and teaching them the skills they need when they can become good wives and mothers (J.L. Packer et al., 2004).
One of the supports for parents in the family education program is the atmosphere in delivering teachings to their children, which is providing a supportive learning environment.A supportive learning environment is a comfortable environment for learning.Parents are obliged to facilitate the creation of conditions that support the success of learning in the family.There are several ways to support the family learning program, namely: First, Creating an atmosphere of love and awareness of the presence of God.Increasing awareness of Christ's leadership in the family.Second, Building a strong family bond.Building healthy relationships and always showing respect to each other, even when there are differences of opinion.Third, Making the house a center of knowledge.Collaborating to help each person fulfill their potential.Fourth, Building family fellowship by involving everyone in planning and achieving family goals.Supporting each other and showing trust and loyalty.
The learning atmosphere created will achieve the goal of Christian Religious Education in the family (Harianto GP, 2012).Thus, the desired character is formed by Jesus Christ.

Parents are Directly Responsible to God
In the context of Deuteronomy 6:1-9, it is God's command to the families of the Israelites to teach their families to fear and love God for their entire lives.God entrusted this task to the parents, which means that this task is a very noble and exceptional one because it is directly entrusted by God to the parents.Therefore, it can be understood that parents are directly responsible to God for this noble task.As this task involves divine values that must be taught by parents to their children, it should be done seriously.Firstly, parents must do it with Journal Didaskalia Vol 6, No. 1, April 2023 Copyright © 2023 e-ISSN 2622-1039, p-ISSN 2621-8038 21 respect to God, so that they will do it seriously as if they are doing it for God.The value of respect for the task giver makes parents do it seriously.Secondly, parents must educate and teach their children continuously.
Education done by parents is iterative, which means that it is not just once and done, but it is continuous.Home education is not based on time and cycles like education in schools or churches.Education within the family is permanent in nature.Thirdly, parents can educate and teach their children anytime and anywhere."Whether sitting, lying down, walking or standing" this sentence clearly states that teaching and educating can be done anywhere and in any condition by the family.
From this explanation, it can be concluded that education within the family is the responsibility of parents, and the accountability is directly to God.Therefore, parents should not entrust the education, guidance, and spiritual growth and character of their children to others.Public schools and Sunday schools are only supportive parts in forming the faith and character of children, but the fundamental role is played by parents.

CONCLUSION
From the discussion that the writer has presented above, in facing the era of Industry 5.0, the role of parents in educating religion within the family is necessary and highly important.Considering that the Z generation children are fully dependent on digital technology, there are dangers that will be faced in the present and future as we enter the era of Industry 5.0.The increasingly advanced technology in the era of Industry 5.0 urges parents to pay more attention to educating and guiding their children within the family.Parents who fulfill their role properly will save generations that have a heart that fears God and have divine characters that will be bestowed upon them by God through the role of parents.